Observational Study of Interstellar Molecular Gas in the Milky Way Galaxy

The material present in space undergoes cycles through the lives of stars. Specifically, gas spreads out and condenses, compressing to form stars. Within stars, elements are synthesized, and upon their demise, these elements and the materials shaping the stars are released into space. These processes have repeated throughout the universe's evolution to its current state. The birth of stars marks the first step in the cosmic material cycle. Understanding star birth requires a thorough physical study of the gas, which serves as the raw material for stars. Using radio telescopes worldwide, we detect electromagnetic waves emitted by molecular gas—the material from which stars form—to gather physical data such as gas motion, temperature, and density. By combining this information with data from other wavelengths like visible light and infrared, we can detailedly understand the nature of the observed locations without needing to physically visit them. In astronomical observations, telescopes are essential. At our university, we operate an 11-meter radio telescope on campus, performing all aspects of its operation from maintenance to data acquisition, analysis, and reporting of findings. Through these research activities, spanning from caring for observational equipment to analyzing data and presenting results, we aim to elucidate the relationship between interstellar matter and star formation.